OK I see now what you are working on - that’s similar to initial attempts to archive newspapers. Agreed that the formatting is a challenge.
Perhaps it would be simplest in that case to arrange your database by the name of the periodical and simply do full text search within each periodical. You could subdivide by date or simply assign arbitrary page numbers within the full set of each periodical.
The “NOT” logic you are seeking could be done by the searcher in choosing which periodical(s) are relevant to the desired search.